How to remap keys on Mac

Complete guide with multiple methods and troubleshooting

7-10 min read
Expert Verified
Last Updated: August 2025

Quick Answer

Remapping keys on a Mac can enhance productivity by allowing users to customize their keyboard layout according to their preferences. This can be achieved through built-in settings or third-party applications, depending on the complexity of the remapping required.

Medium⏱ 7-10 min read

Prerequisites & Requirements

Before you start remapping keys on your Mac, ensure you have the following:
  • •macOS version 10.12 (Sierra) or later for built-in options; some third-party apps may have different requirements.
  • •Administrator access to modify system settings.
  • •A backup of your current keyboard settings, which can be done through Time Machine or manually.
  • •Familiarity with System Preferences and keyboard settings.

Method 1: Using System Preferences

This method is suitable for basic key remapping, such as changing modifier keys (Command, Option, Control).
  • •Step 1: Open 'System Preferences' by clicking the Apple menu in the top-left corner and selecting 'System Preferences'.
  • •Step 2: Click on 'Keyboard' and then select the 'Modifier Keys...' button at the bottom right.
  • •Step 3: In the Modifier Keys window, select the keyboard you want to modify from the dropdown menu.
  • •Step 4: Change the key assignments as desired (e.g., change 'Caps Lock' to 'Control'). Click 'OK' to save.
  • •Step 5: To verify, test the remapped keys in any text editor or application.
  • •Step 6: If it doesn't work, ensure that the correct keyboard is selected and that no other software is overriding these settings.

For macOS Monterey (12) and later

In macOS Monterey and later, the process remains largely the same, but you may find additional options under 'Keyboard' settings.
  • •Step 1: Open 'System Preferences' and navigate to 'Keyboard'.
  • •Step 2: Explore the 'Keyboard' tab for any new options related to key repeat and delay.

For macOS Big Sur (11) and earlier

The steps are similar, but the interface may differ slightly, especially in the layout of System Preferences.
  • •Step 1: Access 'System Preferences' and select 'Keyboard'.
  • •Step 2: Look for the 'Modifier Keys...' button, which should be in the same location.

Method 2: Using Third-Party Applications

For more advanced key remapping, third-party applications provide greater flexibility and options.
  • •Step 1: Download and install 'Karabiner-Elements' from the official website (https://karabiner-elements.pqrs.org/).
  • •Step 2: Open 'Karabiner-Elements' from your Applications folder.
  • •Step 3: Navigate to the 'Simple Modifications' tab.
  • •Step 4: Click 'Add Item' and select the key you want to change from the left column and the desired key from the right column.
  • •Step 5: To verify, test the remapped keys in any text editor or application.
  • •Step 6: If it doesn't work, ensure that 'Karabiner-Elements' has the necessary permissions in 'System Preferences' > 'Security & Privacy' > 'Privacy' > 'Input Monitoring'.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

If you encounter problems while remapping keys, consider the following solutions:
  • •Error: 'Key remapping not taking effect' - Solution: Ensure that the correct keyboard is selected in System Preferences and that no other applications are conflicting.
  • •Issue: 'Karabiner-Elements not responding' - Fix: Restart the application and check for updates or reinstall if necessary.
  • •Problem: 'Modifier keys not working as expected' - Workaround: Reset the keyboard settings in System Preferences and try remapping again.

Advanced Tips & Shortcuts

Enhance your key remapping experience with these power user tips:
  • •Keyboard shortcut: 'Command + Space' - Switch between input sources quickly.
  • •Command line: 'defaults write com.apple.HIToolbox AppleSelectedInputSources -array-add <your_input_source>' - Use this command to add custom input sources directly.
  • •Hidden feature: 'Keyboard Viewer' - Access this by enabling it in 'System Preferences' > 'Keyboard' > 'Show keyboard and emoji viewers in menu bar'.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Avoid these common pitfalls:

Expert Tips

For optimal key remapping, consider using a combination of built-in settings and third-party applications to achieve the desired functionality.